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代购所面临的法律风险又有多少人了解？

作者: 发布: 2020年12月9日 795阅读



随着我国市场经济建设的高速发展,百姓手中的钞票越来越多,此时出国旅游已经成为很普遍的一件事情,而出国游的同时帮着亲戚朋友带点国外商品,赚点差价补贴一下自己的旅游成本也早已是稀松平常之事,甚至有的人基于自己的勤劳与聪明开始干起了职业代购的工作,代购的工作似乎看起来不错,弹性的工作时间,根据顾客的订单去购买商品也省去不少存货成本,从而在自己当老板的同时避免很多经营风险也节省不少营运资金,并且伴随各种社交软件的出现,这种经营方式似乎成为了很多热爱自由的年轻人比较热衷从事的工作。但是,代购所面临的法律风险又有多少人了解呢,今天,让我们从近期的一些案件中来探讨一下,与代购有关的法律风险之—-非法经营罪

今天,我们主要是从一个热门的代购商品作为出发点来了解一下非法经营罪的犯罪构成。

IQOS由全球最大的烟草公司菲利普莫里斯生产的一款新型的电子烟,其特点是通过对烟弹的加热而不是燃烧来使用户享受香烟的效果,IQOS作为一种新型电子烟一经上市便立刻风靡全球,使得该电子烟成为了日本商品代购的主力军。一时间朋友圈代购各种有关IQOS电子烟信息处处可见,其火爆程度可见一斑。但是各位代购知道吗,就是这款电子烟使得很多代购或导游已经因为触犯非法经营罪而被判处刑罚。

2018年1月上海徐汇区人民检察院以涉嫌非法经营罪批准逮捕了苟某等五人,该案例成为上海首例因销售IQOS电子烟http://www.vapeyan.com/而被采取刑事强制措施的案件。无独有偶2019年6月19日,浙江检察网以案释法专栏中,发表了一则关于导游代购IQOS电子烟涉嫌非法经营罪提起公诉的文章。各位小伙伴不禁产生疑问,到底什么是非法经营罪,IQOS与非法经营罪又有什么关系呢。下面我们来简述一下非法经营罪与IQOS的关系。

首先,我们来看一下什么是非法经营罪,非法经营罪属于刑法分则第三章破坏社会主义市场经济秩序的犯罪。该章的规定旨在维护社会主义市场经济秩序,打击严重危害市场经济发展的行为。

其次,非法经营罪被规定于《中华人民共和国刑法》第二百二十五条,非法经营罪,是指违反国家规定,有下列非法经营行为之一的,扰乱市场秩序,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金;情节特别严重的,处五年以上,并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金或没收财产。(一)未经许可经营法律、行政法规规定的专营、专卖物品或其他限制买卖的物品的;(二)买卖进出口许可证、进出口原产地证明以及其他法律、行政法规规定的经营许可证或者批准文件;(三)未经国家有关主管部门批准,非法经营证券、期货或者保险业务的,或者非法从事资金结算业务的;(四)从事其他非法经营活动,扰乱市场秩序,情节严重的行为。

从条文中我们首先要了解,条文中所称的违反国家规定指的是违反法律与行政法规。法律是指狭义的法律,即指由全国人大及其常委会制定的法律和决定,行政法规指的是国务院制定的行政法规、规定的行政措施、发布的决定与命令。没有违反国家规定的,即使在某种意义上属于非法经营,也不得认定为非法经营罪。本法所列式的前三种行为往往从字面便可以较为轻易的理解与认定。而第四种行为,以目前笔者所查知的立法与司法解释资料来看,一共对19种行为可以认定为非法经营罪。其中与烟草有关的规定,来源于2010年3月2日“两高”《关于办理非法生产、销售烟草专卖品等刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》,该解释规定,未经烟草专卖行政主管部门的许可,无生产许可证,批发许可证,零售许可证,而生产批发零售烟草制品,情节严重的,以非法经营罪定罪处罚。

最后,我们来分析一下IQOS为何会与非法经营罪有所关联的原因,IQOS作为电子烟其装置本身并不处于非法经营罪所规指的范围,据笔者考察,某东,某猫上依然有很多代购该电子烟装置的商家,那为什么近期还有很多人因此入刑了呢?究其原因在于IQOS的消耗品—烟弹。IQOS电子烟包括烟具和“烟弹”,工作原理是通过烟具即加热棒烘烤加热“烟弹”产生烟雾,而不是直接燃烧卷烟。Philip Morris公司生产的电子烟烟具称为IQOS,同时生产配套适用IQOS烟具的“烟弹”主要有Marlboro(万宝路)、PARLIAMENT(百乐门)、HEETS(黑丝)等品牌。而2017年10月,国家烟草专卖局制定下发了《关于开展新型卷烟产品鉴别检验工作的通知》,将IQOS、GLO、Ploom、REVO四种类型的新型卷烟产品纳入卷烟鉴别检验目录。2017年11月,国家烟草质量监督检验中心对相关单位送检的IQOS“烟弹”样品成分进行了鉴别检验,从中检出烟碱、四种烟草特有的N-亚硝胺、以及与一般烟草及烟草制品中相一致的右旋烟碱旋光异构体比例范围、与一般烟草及烟草制品中相一致的次要生物碱种类,判定“烟弹”样品含有烟草特征性成分,填充物由烟叶制成。因此,Marlboro、PARLIAMENT、HEETS等IQOS“烟弹”,应属于烟草制品。而各位以代购烟弹的朋友如果没有该烟草的批发与零售许可证,其销售行为自然而然的就属于非法经营,其非法经营数额在五万元以上或者违法所得数额在二万元以上的就属于情节严重,依法可以追究刑事责任。

各位从事代购行为的小伙伴们,利用自己的勤劳与聪明赚取报酬自然是值得自豪的事情,但是在我们赚钱之前也不要忘记了法律的存在,在法律的框架下进行营利活动即是我们最为重要的底线,也是我们获取财富的重要保障。

 

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